Noble Gases Properties

Respectable Gases Properties The correct section of the intermittent table contains seven components known as the inactive or honorable gases. Find out about the properties of the honorable gas gathering of components. Key Takeaways: Noble Gas Properties The respectable gases are bunch 18 on the occasional table, which is the section of components on the correct side of the table.There are seven honorable gas components: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, and oganesson.Noble gases are the least receptive substance components. They are about idle on the grounds that the molecules have a full valence electron shell, with minimal propensity to acknowledge or give electrons to frame synthetic bonds. Area and Listâ of the Noble Gasesâ on the Periodic Table The respectable gases, otherwise called the latent gases or uncommon gases, are situated in Group VIII or International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) bunch 18 of the occasional table. This is the segment of components along the extreme right half of the occasional table. This bunch is a subset of the nonmetals. Collectively, the components are additionally called the helium gathering or the neon gathering. The respectable gases are: Helium (He)Neon (Ne)Argon (Ar)Krypton (Kr)Xenon (Xe)Radon (Rn)Oganesson (Og) Except for oganesson, these components are gases at common temperature and weight. There havent been sufficient molecules delivered of oganesson to know its stage for certain, yet most researchers anticipate it will be a fluid or strong. Both radon and oganesson comprise just of radioactive isotopes. Respectable Gas Properties The respectable gases are generally nonreactive. Truth be told, they are the least responsive components on the occasional table. This is on the grounds that they have a total valence shell. They tend to pick up or lose electrons. In 1898, Hugo Erdmann instituted the adage honorable gas to mirror the low reactivity of these components, similarly as the respectable metals are less receptive than other metals. The respectable gases have high ionization energies and insignificant electronegativities. The honorable gases have low breaking points and are for the most part gases at room temperature. Outline of Common Properties Reasonably nonreactiveComplete external electron or valence shell (oxidation number 0)High ionization energiesVery low electronegativitiesLow breaking points (all monatomicâ gases at room temperature)No shading, scent, or flavor under customary conditions (however may frame hued fluids and solids)NonflammableAt low weight, they will lead power and fluoresce Employments of the Noble Gases The respectable gases are utilized to shape inactive climates, commonly for circular segment welding, to secure examples, and to hinder substance responses. The components are utilized in lights, for example, neon lights and krypton headlamps, and in lasers. Helium is utilized in inflatables, for remote ocean plunging air tanks,â and to cool superconducting magnets. Confusions About the Noble Gases In spite of the fact that the honorable gases have been known as the uncommon gases, they arent especially exceptional on Earth or known to man. Truth be told, argon is the third or fourth most inexhaustible gas in the atmosphereâ (1.3 percent by mass or 0.94 percent by volume), while neon, krypton, helium, and xenon are remarkable follow elements.​ For quite a while, numerous individuals accepted the respectable gases to be totally nonreactive and unfit to shape synthetic mixes. In spite of the fact that these components dont structure mixes promptly, instances of atoms containing xenon, krypton, and radon have been found. At high weight, even helium, neon, and argon partake in concoction responses. Wellsprings of the Noble Gases Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon all are found in air and are acquired by condensing it and performing fragmentary refining. The significant wellspring of helium is from theâ cryogenic partition of flammable gas. Radon, a radioactive honorable gas, is created from theâ radioactive rot of heavier components, including radium, thorium, and uranium. Component 118 is a man-made radioactive component, delivered by hitting an objective with quickened particles. Later on, extraterrestrial wellsprings of respectable gases might be found. Helium, specifically, is more bottomless on bigger planets than it is on Earth. Sources Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Science of the Elements (second ed.). Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.Lehmann, J (2002). The Chemistry of Krypton. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 233â€234: 1â€39. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(02)00202-3Ozima, Minoru; Podosek, Frank A. (2002). Honorable Gas Geochemistry. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80366-7.Partington, J. R. (1957). Revelation of Radon. Nature. 179 (4566): 912. doi:10.1038/179912a0Renouf, Edward (1901). Respectable gases. Science. 13 (320): 268â€270.

Kaziranga National Park free essay sample

The qualities and rules made Kaziranga National Park to get engraved in the World Heritage Site List 1985. The Kaziranga National Park region comprises of 429. 93 Sq. Km. with an extra region of 429. 40 Sq. Km. what's more, arranged in the two areas of Assam, to be specific Golaghat and Nagaon. The complete region of the recreation center inside Nagaon area is 175 Sq. Km. , out of which 135 Sq. Km. falls under Bagori Forest Range office and 40 Sq. Km. falls inside Ghorakati Forest Range office. A couple of hundreds of years back, the Indian one horned Rhinocerous ran over the northIndian fields in the wetlands of the waterways Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. Today this survivor from the ancient occasions is discovered uniquely in parts in the north eastern territory of Assam and in Nepal. In Assam, their Rhino natural surroundings is restricted to only two National parks Kaziranga and Manas. Kaziranga is a tremendous field of tall elephant grass, marshland, and thick tropical wet broadleaf woodlands, befuddled by four significant streams, including the Brahmaputra, and the recreation center incorporates various little waterways. We will compose a custom exposition test on Kaziranga National Park or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Kaziranga has been the topic of a few books, melodies, and documentaries.The park commended its centennial in 2005 after its foundation in 1905 as a save woodland. [pic] MANAGEMENT The Wildlife wing of the woods division of the Government of Assam, headquartered at Bokakhat, is liable for the organization and the executives of Kaziranga. The regulatory leader of the recreation center is the executive, who is a conservator-level official. A divisional woods official is the regulatory CEO of the recreation center. He is helped by two officials with the position of right hand conservator of forests.The park region is separated into four territories, directed by go woods officials. The four territories are the Burapahar, Baguri, Central, and Eastern. They are headquartered at Ghorakati, Baguri, Kohora, and Agoratoli, individually. Each range is further sub-isolated into beats, headed by a forester, and sub-beats, headed by a timberland monitor. The recreation center gets money related guide from the State Government just as the Ministry of Environment and Forests of Government of India under different Plan and Non-Plan Budgets.Additional financing is gotten under the Project Elephant from the Central Government. In 1997â€1998, an award of US$ 100,000 was gotten under the Technical Co-activity for Security Reinforcement plot from the World Heritage Fund. Extra financing is likewise gotten from national worldwide Non-administrative associations. THE PROBLEM www. wildlifeextra. com fourth of February 2010 Poachers murder Indian Rhino at Kaziranga National Park, Assam Media SummaryKaziranga National Park is known worldwide for the biggest centralization of one horned rhinos on the planet yet the greatest danger to the rhino preservation has been poaching with in excess of 400 rhinos Kaziranga National Park, which houses 66% of the world’s one â€horned rhino populace is under will be under enormous danger from poachers with the expanded interest of rhino horns in the universal markets for its alleged therapeutic properties and so as to control the administration has chosen to make Assam Forest assurance Force only to be conveyed in the 430 Sq. m national park and furthermore to take up with the client nations to make a move against its unlawful use. Pranab Kumar Das Reports :Between October and Feb,04th this year at any rate about six of rhinos have been poached from the national park and park specialists express it is difficult to watch the whole stretch of the of the recreation center as poachers are consistently keeping watch for a new execute and a warlike circumstance wins with the woodland attempting check the passage of the poachers to the recreation center which is all the way open.

Coping With Cynophobia or the Fear of Dogs

Coping With Cynophobia or the Fear of Dogs Phobias Types Print Cynophobia: Fear of Dogs By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Neti Phunitiphat / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes Symptoms Complications Treatment View All Back To Top Cynophobia, or fear of dogs, is an extremely common specific phobia. Although snake and spider phobias are even more prevalent, the average person is far more likely to encounter dogs in his daily life. A phobia of dogs can be devastating, limiting contact with dog-owning friends and relatives and curtailing normal activities. Causes of Cynophobia Like most animal phobias, fear of dogs is most commonly caused by a negative experience with a dog, especially during childhood. Both children and dogs are naturally curious, and you may have been jumped on by an overexcited puppy or growled at by a large watchdog as you approached a fence. A large dog can make a major impression on a small child, even if no actual attack occurred. The negative experience need not have affected you directly. Many parents warn children about approaching strange dogs. A childs fertile imagination combined with an incomplete or even erroneous understanding of dog behavior could lead to a full-blown phobia of dogs. If a friend or relative was attacked by a dog, or a parent harbored an unhealthy fear, the risk of developing cynophobia is increased. Symptoms Like all phobias, the fear of dogs can vary dramatically in severity from person to person. You might fear only large breeds. You may be uncomfortable around live dogs but be perfectly content to view dogs in photographs or TV shows. Likewise, the symptoms of cynophobia can also vary. Common reactions include running away, freezing in terror, and attempting to hide. You might shake, feel nauseated or disoriented, or even begin to cry. Anticipatory anxiety frequently occurs in the days leading up to a known confrontation. Complications Because dogs are so popular as pets and companions, avoiding them can be nearly impossible. You might find yourself limiting contact with dog owners, even to the point of avoiding family gatherings. You may be unable to enjoy outdoor activities such as walking in the park, hiking, or camping since many outdoor enthusiasts bring their dogs. Over time, your normal routine may become extremely restricted as you attempt to prevent any accidental contact with a dog. This increasing isolation can lead to depression and other anxiety disorders. Some people develop a  social phobia and even agoraphobia as they become more and more unwilling to leave their homes. Treatment for Cynophobia Like all animal phobias, the fear of dogs responds quite well to treatment. Cognitive-behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization and flooding are designed to help remove the fear and encourage more helpful coping skills. How Cognitive Behavior Therapy Works Although these techniques are traditionally performed using live dogs,  active-imaginal exposure may be done. If you are given this type of treatment, you will be encouraged to act out positive behaviors such as approaching and petting a dog. Instead of interacting with a live dog, however, you will vividly imagine the dog. If your phobia is severe, medications might be used in conjunction with therapy. Certain medications can significantly reduce your anxiety, allowing you to focus on the therapeutic techniques. Although cynophobia can be devastating, it is extremely treatable. With a bit of work, there is no reason that you must continue to suffer.

The Topic Of Discharge Of Surety - 2333 Words

This Project has been submitted by Ananya Mishra 214026 First Year On the Topic-Discharge of Surety (Contracts -1) In the Winter Semester 2014-15 INTRODUCTION: Guarantee is a tripartite contract between three parties, creditor, principal debtor and surety. The main function of a contract of guarantee is to enable a creditor to be secure enough and have another alternative to get his loan to be repaid. And to other to get a loan or goods on credit. Some person comes and tells the lender that he insures the repayment of the debt on the behalf of principal debtor. For guarantee, there must be a conditional promise to be liable on the default of the principal debtor. The essentials for a contract of guarantee to be are existence of principal debt. As said in Lakeman v. Mountstephen, for guarantee, there has to be a debt first of all. Also there must be an intention on the part of the guarantor to assume the liability of the debt’s repayment not on his but on the debtor’s behalf. Discharge of surety: A contract of guarantee is said to be a contract strictissimi juris and the surety is entitled to insist on rigid adherence to the terms of his obligation and he is liable only for losses arising in the ordinary and usual course of things from a breach of the strict terms of the contract guaranteed. Surety has aShow MoreRelatedBUSI561 Legal Issues in Business1385 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive (Colossians 3:13, ESV). With the said, I will offer that we revisit the contract together, rescind the original and substitute it with a new one, and discharge it by mutual agreement [accord and satisfaction] (Kubasek et al., 2012). 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Renault FT Tank in World War I

The Renault FT, often referred to as the FT-17, was a ground-breaking tank design which entered service in 1918. A French light tank, the FT was the first tank to incorporate many design aspects which are now considered standard such as a fully-rotating turret and rear engine compartment. Small by World War I standards, the FT was intended to swarm through the enemys lines and overwhelm defenders. Used by French and American forces on the Western Front, the design was produced in large numbers and retained by many nations until the early days of World War II. Development The origins of the Renault FT may be traced to an early meeting between Louis Renault and Colonel Jean-Baptiste Eugà ¨ne Estienne in 1915. Overseeing the fledgling French tank corps which had been created during the early years of World War I, Estienne hoped to have Renault design and build an armored vehicle based on the Holt tractor. Operating with the backing of General Joseph Joffre, he was seeking firms to moved the project forward. Though intrigued, Renault declined citing a lack of experience with tracked vehicles and commenting that his factories were already operating at capacity. Not to be demurred, Estienne took his project to Schneider-Creusot which created the French Armys first tank, the Schneider CA1. Though he had declined the initial tank project, Renault commenced developing a design for a light tank that would be relatively simple to produce. Assessing the landscape of the time, he concluded that existing engines lacked the necessary power-to-weight ratio to allow armored vehicles to successfully clear trenches, shell holes, and other obstacles. As a result, Renault sought to limit his design to 7 tons. As he continued to refine his thoughts on a light tank design, he had another meeting with Estienne in July 1916. Increasingly interested in smaller, lighter tanks which he believed could overwhelm defenders in ways that larger, heavier tanks could not, Estienne encouraged Renaults work. While this support would proved critical, Renault struggled to gain acceptance of his design from Minister of Munitions Albert Thomas and the French high command. After extensive work, Renault received permission to build a single prototype. Design Working with his talented industrial designer Rodolphe Ernst-Metzmaier, Renault sought to bring his theories into reality. The resulting design  set the pattern for all future tanks. Though fully-revolving turrets had been used on a variety of French armored cars, the FT was the first tank to incorporate this feature. This allowed the smaller tank to fully utilize a single weapon rather than needing multiple guns mounted in sponsons with limited fields of fire. The FT also set the precedent for placing the driver in the front and the engine in the rear. The incorporation of these features made the FT a radical departure from previous French designs, such as the Schneider CA1 and the St. Chamond, which were little more than armored boxes. Operated by a crew of two, the FT mounted a rounded tail piece to aid in crossing trenches and included automatically tensioned tacks to help prevent derailments. Crew positions in a Renault FT-17 tank. National Archives and Records Administration To ensure that engine power would be maintained, the power plant was designed to operate effectively when slanted to allow the tank to traverse steep slopes. For crew comfort, ventilation was provided by the engines radiator fan. Though in close proximity, no provision was made for crew communication during operations. As a result, gunners devised a system of kicking the driver in the shoulders, back, and head to transmit directions. Armament for the FT typically consisted of either a Puteaux SA 18 37 mm gun or a 7.92 mm Hotchkiss machine gun.   Renault FT - Specifications Dimensions Length: 16.4 ft.Width: 4.8 ft.Height: 7 ft.Weight: 7.2 tons Armor Armament Armor: 0.86 in.Armament: 37 mm Puteaux gun or a 7.92 mm Hotchkiss machine gunAmmunition: 238 x 37mm projectiles or 4,200 x 7.62mm ammunition Engine Engine: 39 hp gasoline engineSpeed: 4.35 mphRange: 40 milesSuspension: Vertical SpringsCrew: 2 Production Despite its advanced design, Renault continued to have difficulty getting approval for the FT. Ironically, its chief competition came from the heavy Char 2C which was also designed by Ernst-Metzmaier. With the relentless support Estienne, Renault was able to move the FT into production. Though he had Estiennes support, Renault competed for resources with the Char 2C for the remainder of the war. Development continued through the first half of 1917, as Renault and Ernst-Metzmaier sought to refine the design. By the end of the year, only 84 FTs had been produced, however 2,613 were built in 1918, before the end of hostilities. All told, 3,694 were constructed by French factories with 3,177 going to the French Army, 514 to the US Army, and 3 to the Italians. The tank was also built under license in the US under the name Six Ton Tank M1917. While only 64 were finished before the armistice, 950 were eventually constructed. When the tank first entered production, it had a round cast turret, however this varied depending on the manufacturer. Other variants included an octagonal turret or one made from bent steel plate. French Renault FTs advance through Vaux, 1918. Library of Congress Combat Service The FT first entered combat on May 31, 1918, at Foret de Retz, south-west of Soissons, and aided the 10th Army in slowing the German drive on Paris. In short order, the FTs small size increased its value as it was capable of traversing terrain, such as forests, that other heavy tanks were incapable of negotiating. As the tide turned in the Allies favor, Estienne finally received large numbers of the tank, which allowed for effective counterattacks against German positions. The FT saw use at the Second Battle of the Marne as well as during the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Widely used by French and American forces, the FT ultimately participated in 4,356 engagements with 746 being lost to enemy action. Postwar Following the war, the FT formed the armored backbone for many nations, including the United States. The tank saw subsequent action in the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War, Chinese Civil War, and Spanish Civil War. In addition it remained in the reserve forces for several countries. During the early days of World War II, the French still had 534 operating in various capacities. In 1940, following the German drive to the Channel which isolated many of Frances best armored units, the entire French reserve force was committed, including 575 FTs. With the fall of France, the Wehrmacht captured 1,704 FTs. These were redeployed across Europe for airbase defense and occupation duty. In Britain and the United States, the FT was retained for use as a training vehicle. Additional FTs were retained by Vichy French forces in North Africa. These were encountered by American and British forces during the Operation Torch landings in late 1942 and were easily defeated by the Allies modern M3 Stuart and M4 Sherman tanks.

Homosexuality Nature Versus Nurture Free Essays

HOMOSEXUALITY: NATURE VERSUS NURTURE Nature; all things belong to Mother Nature; the trees, the flowers, insects, the great waters, animals, and even the human race; all following the laws of nature that we are instinctively born with. However somewhere along the line something or someone defies those laws and go against what nature intended. Whether or not this rebellion is fostered by nurture, or if there is an exception to the laws that Mother Nature has set forth is a question that psychologist and many people have encountered and most have yet to find the answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality: Nature Versus Nurture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homosexuality has been thought of as being something that some are born with and others believe it is a learned behavior. Whether or not nature or nurture is the cause for this â€Å"abnormality† we may never definitively know the answer to. But then again that all depends on what we define as being â€Å"normal†. To begin to answer the questions that plague humanity about sexual orientation we must first ask ourselves what exactly is sexuality and what role does it play in our society and the continuation of life. Sexuality is broken down into three areas: heterosexuality, bisexuality, and homosexuality. If you look at these on a scale one’s sexuality would be measured by the degree in which ones feelings are more drawn too from one end of the scale to the other (Feldman, 2009, pg 376). There are several components that are argued to have a significant role in what a person’s sexual identity is. These components are both biological and environmental in nature (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). Biologically hormones may play a role in determining sexual orientation (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). â€Å"Research has shown that women exposed to a drug called diethylstilbestrol (DES), taken by women to avoid miscarriage, before birth were more likely to be homosexual or bisexual† (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). â€Å"There is also research suggesting that brain structure could be a factor in the determination of ones sexuality† (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). The structure of the anterior hypothalamus, an area of the brain that governs sexual behavior, differs in male homosexuals and heterosexuals; compared with heterosexual men or women, gay men have a larger anterior commissure, which is a bundle of neurons connecting the right and left hemispheres of the brain† (Feldman, 2009, pg 377). Although biological reasoning can not be a clear cut explanation for homosexuality; it leaves us room to understand the condition of homosexuals rather than boorishly passing judgment on peopl e for something they did not ask to be. Examining the notion that homosexuality is a learned behavior rather than an innate behavior has led to one very interesting yet sad life lesson for one family suffering from what one could call the effects of inadvertent child abuse. David Reimer was born Bruce Reimer, however he was raised as Brenda Reimer. When David and his twin brother Brian were just six months old their mother took them in for a routine circumcision. The babies had been having difficulty passing urine and with the suggestion of the family Doctor Mrs. Reimer took her boys in for the procedure that would ultimately change David’s life before it even began (McKenna, Kessler, Tiefer, and Schober, 2002). â€Å"The doctors had chosen an unconventional method of circumcision, one in which the skin would be burned. The procedure went horribly wrong and Bruce’s penis was burned so badly that it could not be repaired surgically. † Thinking irrationally, Mrs. Reimer’s first concerns were how Bruce would cope as an adolescent lacking a penis. The decision was made; after listening to a Doctor by the name of John Money, and taking into consideration his views on sexuality, it was decided that Bruce would be raised as a female, and was renamed Brenda. Dr. John Money of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore argues that â€Å"boys – caught early enough – could be raised to be girls; nurture and not nature determines a child’s gender, the doctor argued† (McKenna, Kessler, Tiefer, and Schober, 2002). If this is to be true, that nurture is the determining factor in ones sexuality, then raising Bruce as Brenda would seemingly erase any hardship he would have to encounter growing up. However that would prove to be furthest from the truth. Growing up Brenda couldn’t understand why she liked doing things that boys were doing and why as an adolescent she became attracted to girls and not boys. Eventually Brenda would learn the truth of her true identity and what he had been going through with Dr. Money and his â€Å"experiment†; a life experience that would ultimately lead to his committing suicide (McKenna, Kessler, Tiefer, and Schober, 2002). Subjecting individuals to such traumas can prove to have a psychological hold on people who have to endure such horrific episodes in their lives. Sexual trauma and early exposure to sexual activity is another argument in the quest to determine the roots to homosexuality. There are so many young girls today that start out with sexual activity at an early age; some as early as ten years old. Over time these young ladies are exposed to sexual activity such as oral sex, group sex, and same-sex gratification. They have allowed themselves to be misused by men, for lack of guidance, and find that blaming the men for their broken hearts is an easy way to act on their curiosities about same-sex relations. With the rise of same-sex parenting it is only natural for one to assume that such behavior displayed in the home would raise questions to rather or not this type of dysfunctional display of what a family is â€Å"supposed† to look like could actually be one of the causes of homosexuality amongst pre-teens and teens. If this is all they see at home this becomes normal to them; therefore making heterosexuality an abnormality. However on the contrary studies show that â€Å"researchers looked at information gleaned from 15 studies on more than 500 children, evaluating possible stigma, teasing and social isolation, adjustment and self-esteem, opposite gender role models, sexual orientation, and strengths. Studies from 1981 to 1994, including 260 children reared by either heterosexual mothers or same-sex mothers after divorce, found no differences in intelligence, type or prevalence of psychiatric disorders, self-esteem, well-being, peer relationships, couple relationships, or parental stress†(MD, Chang, 2002). Some studies showed that single heterosexual parents’ children have more difficulties than children who have parents of the same sex,† Perrin says. â€Å"They did better in discipline, self-esteem, and had less psychosocial difficulties at home and at school† (MD, Chang, 2002). â€Å"Another study of 37 children of 27 divorced lesbian mothers and a similar number of childre n of heterosexual mothers found no differences in behavior, adjustment, gender identity, and peer relationships† (MD, Chang, 2002). The effects of same-sex parenting seems to be equally or more effective than that of heterosexual house-holds. The one governing element in child rearing is a combination of love, discipline, and explanation of things not easily understood. There can, however, be a much darker side to the equation. Such as childhood rape; â€Å"although it is difficult to make accurate estimates of the true incidence of child sexual abuse, due to the majority of the cases going unreported, experts estimate that each year a half million children are sexually abused† (Feldman, 2009, pg 380). The short – and longer term consequences of child hood sexual abuse can be extremely damaging. Victims report fear, anxiety, depression, anger, and hostility. Long-term effects may include depression, self-destructive behavior such as drug and alcohol abuse, poor self-esteem, and feeling of isolation† (Feldman, 2009, pg 381). Children who experience same-sex sexual abuse can suffer identity issu es when it comes time for them to identify their sexual orientation. Because of the trauma this behavior fosters confusion, and uncertainty about who they are sexually. There are however those who triumph in the face of adversity; those who take negatives and make out of them their testimony and help others with the same or similar issues. Take for example the life of Mr. Donnie McClurkin; as a child Donnie was not raped once but twice by two different family members. Both family members were of the male gender. Throughout his life Donnie had to cope with the sexual trauma he had endured at such an early age; he became confused and could not understand why him (Boykin, 2002). Mr. McClurkin led a homosexual lifestyle for over 20 years until he completely gave his life over to his religion. He is now married to a woman and has children. He no longer lives a homosexual lifestyle (Boykin, 2002) In this situation his choice to lead a homosexual lifestyle was fostered by sexual and mental trauma, this does not constitute factual standing that he was born a homosexual or even that he really â€Å"choose† to have these misunderstood feelings for the same sex. So how then do we conclude whether or not sexuality is a choice or an inborn attribute people come to this world with before they even completely understand the beauty of sexual orientation? Living in a world where you are forced suppress who you really are to pacify the needs of others will always be a hindrance and in turn will keep you oppressed in your own body. Most homosexuals suffer from depression because they are hiding their true selves from the world for fear of being exiled so-to-speak by society. However in this day and age freedom to self expression has become more accepted though there are still others who have become like a recluse to their families because of their sexual preference. Is homosexuality really a sin? First of all we have to establish what the word sin really means. According to the Bible; to sin is to transgress the law. Most people who are familiar with religion and its origin know that according to Hebrew Scriptures the law is what we call today the Old Testament, or more accurately referred to as the Torah. The Torah was given to Moses in it you will find the Ten Commandments (Exodus 34:28) Though in the United States of America church and state are deemed separate, the constitution adheres to those Ten Commandments in which speak nothing of homosexuality. So, how then does homosexuality become a sin; would it be the same as saying a person afflicted with mental retardation is a sinner; they too did not ask to be that way. Being in your natural state means to be who you are; if you are a homosexual who pretends to be heterosexual to please society you are then in an unnatural state. If God makes no mistakes then why are homosexuals persecuted so harshly? Religion is a man made institution to allow for structure within a society; it has nothing to do with nature. If one can not explain the beauty of God in mere mortal words how then can they determine what is natural and what is not. Life is an expression; so is love. Therefore if it is more natural for one to express their love with someone of the same sex, then who are we to judge? The line between â€Å"normal† and â€Å"abnormal† can be as thin as the line between love and hate. To be is to exist and to have your very existence held hostage by the insecurities of someone else’s existence is an injustice imposed by a society who finds great thrill in playing the role of God. Nature is beautiful. It brings with it the beauty of mystery and the excitement of being able to acquire knowledge thereof. It can not be explained by limiting its greatness to the confines of the human psyche and the ignorance of its grace. Nature determines what is natural. If it is born of nature that it is in the state it was intended to be; so again I ask who are we to judge? References Boykin, K. , (2002) Confessions of Donnie McClurkin. Retrieved May 23, 2009 from http://www. keithboykin. om/arch/2002/11/19/confessions_of. Feldman, R. S. , (2009) Understanding Psychology. Ninth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. McKenna W. , Kessler S. J. , Tiefer L. , Schober J. M. (2002). As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(3), 301-306. Retrieved May 25, 2009, from Research Library database. (Document ID: 121961432). MD, Chang, L. , (2002). Study: Same-Sex Parents Raise Well-Adjusted Kids. Retrieved May 24, 2009 from WebMD Health News Archive. T he Bible. King James Version. How to cite Homosexuality: Nature Versus Nurture, Papers

Quick History Of Art Essay Research Paper Example For Students

Quick History Of Art Essay Research Paper Before the portrayal of the human body can be critiqued, you must understand the artists culture. As man evolved over centuries, his views of the body also transformed. Our tour definitely showed the drastic changes in different cultures art. Each culture and era presents very distinct characteristics. Through time and experimentation, we have expressed our views of the human body clearly with our art. Egyptians were the first people to make a large impact on the world of art. Egyptians needed art for their religious beliefs more than decoration or self-gratification. The most important aspect of Egyptian life is the ka, the part of the human spirit that lives on after death. The ka needed a physical place to occupy or it would disappear. Most of the important men of Egypt paid to have their body carved out of stone. That was were the spirit would live after the man dies. They used stone because it was the strongest material they could find. Longevity was very important. The bodies are always idealized and clothed. Figures are very rigid, close-fisted, and are built on a vertical axis to show that the person is grand or intimidating. Most of the figures were seen in the same: profile of the legs, frontal view of the torso, and profile of the head. Like most civilizations, Egyptians put a lot of faith in gods. The sky god Horus, a bird, is found in a great amount of Egyptian art. Little recognition was ever given to the artists. The emphasis was on the patron. Early Greek art was greatly influenced by the Egyptians. Geography permitted both cultures to exchange their talents. The beginning of Greek art is marked by the Geometric phase. The most common art during the Geometric phase was vase painting. After the vase was formed but before it was painted, the artist applied a slip dark pigment to outside. Then the vase was fired and the artist would incise his decorations into the hard shell. It was important to incise humans into the fired slip and not paint with slip. The people in the pictures needed light colored skin, which was the color beneath the slip, because Greeks wanted to make their art as realistic as possible. Much like Egyptian art, the Greeks idealized the bodies of the people in their works. As the Archaic Period evolved, Greek sculptures were almost identical to the Egyptians. Unlike Egyptians, the Greeks refined their techniques. Greeks used marble to construct their sculptures. It was considered more valuable and beautiful than any material available. They softened the lines of the body. Greek sculptors slowly perfected every contour in the human figure. Greek people viewed the human body as something beautiful and so they depicted nude men. Women were eventually nude but only when there was a reason, they needed to be bathing or something where they would be naked. They people that are sculpted are always young and their bodies are still idealized. The Greeks invented contrapposto, the relaxed natural stance of a sculpture. A figure that is standing in contrapposto becomes a sculpture in the round, meaning that the emphasis is not only on a frontal view but also from all angles. The Hellenistic Period emerged as the Romans began to produce some of the finest art in history. This new revolutionary style was incredible. Figures werent confined to the unnatural or boring positions they had for centuries. All body parts were in perfect proportion. These statues came alive as their limbs reached out into space. Vacant stares evolved into human emotions, which were easily recognized on their faces. I think this renaissance portrayed the way people were thinking. They were exploring philosophy, religion, and politics. This was a time for rebirth. Christian art was introduced during the middle of the second century. .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd , .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .postImageUrl , .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd , .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:hover , .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:visited , .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:active { border:0!important; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:active , .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua47f6e58a5b48fe92680d60e68c19abd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Four Cardinal Virtues EssayIn many cases the only difference between Christian art and Hellenistic art is the religious subject matter. After a slow start the Christians introduced something new, the mosaic. Mosaics became a favorite medium for decorating churches. Man was viewed in religious scenes due to the spread of Christianity. Byzantine and medieval art was very representative. The artists ability to produce lifelike figures had regressed. The emphasis was not on man anymore. Their art was made to glorify God. The fifteenth century marked the arrival of the Renaissance. Artists have finally recaptured the amazing detail and realism that the Greeks and Romans perfected. Artists pushed the limits with new exciting mediums and bright colors. Filippo Brunelleschi, allowed artists to determine the relative size of each figure by inventing the vanishing point perspective. With that tool it was possible to put everything in perfect proportion. Humans were not always idealized as they were in earlier centuries. Many elderly people are found in the paintings. Neoclassical paintings commonly showed contemporary garments and scenes. History painting became very popular. A larger transition was made when color was used to set a mood or express inner feelings. Nothing like this had ever been considered. Man viewed his experiences as important stepping stones. To assure that experiences arent forgotten they were preserved in artworks. Humans are often used in modern art. Although the people may appear very large or important, they are usually just vehicles used to convey a message to the audience. In Segals Red Light, we saw a man walking alone in front of n old truck. The man was not colored at all. He seemed to be sauntering across a street at night. A feeling of depression or sadness surrounds the man. The human is not important but the emotion is. Most of the modern art uses the human body to portray a feeling or emotion. Rarely will you find any new art that displays a humans because they extraordinary. Romantic landscaping is incredible. The idea of most of these pieces is to show how insignificant man is. Before humans were always the center of attention but now here they are almost trivial. Artists like Thomas Cole show us what is pure and simple. The paintings use a lot of color to create very natural, unaffected scenes. It seems that we come upon these landscapes almost by accident. They depict ideal settings that are unscathed by the injustices of the world. In my opinion, the beauty of these works is unsurpassed by any other art. Through the ages each culture had its own interpretation of what the human body means. I have briefly explained a few of the broadest views of the human body. In order to explain one in great detail would take volumes. I thoroughly enjoyed Monas tour of the museum and I hope to see her there again.